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An analysis of the Camp Wallace,
Camp Currie, and Camp Webb studies: The
dimensions of self-concept and wilderness
anxiety among fifth and sixth grade campers
attending a Kentucky Department of Fish
and Wildlife Camp.
Crume, C. and Lang, G.
Kentucky State Department of Fish and Wildlife
Resources, Technical Report 143, (1992).
Purpose:
Determine whether attendance at a one-week
camp affected self-concept and wilderness
anxiety scores of male and female fifth
and sixth grade students.
Sample:
581 female and 564 male fifth and sixth
grade students from three different regions
of Kentucky. Camp Affiliation: Agency
- Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife
Resources Camp Wallace, Camp Currie, and
Camp Webb.
Methods/Instrumentation:
Instruments: Crume/Ellis Wilderness
Anxiety Scale (factors include fear of:
sudden attack, poisonous plants, venomous
and infectious animals, inclement weather,
water, being lost or alone) and Willoughby
Schedule self-concept scale. Design:
pre-and post-test on both instruments. Analysis
of within and between camp differences and
joined data pre- and post-test differences.
Camp Program: one week camp with
outdoor related experiences and instruction.
Data Analysis: Multiple Regression
Analysis used to analyze for differences
between pre- and post-test scores within
and between camps. Multiple t-tests were
used to analyze between camp differences,
so results should be viewed with caution
due to the chance for increased Type I Error
when this method is used.
Results:
Camp Earl Wallace:
- Significant improvement for males in
self-concept and wilderness anxiety scores
(on all factors except fear of water).
- Significant improvement for females
in self-concept scores and on two of the
wilderness anxiety scores (fear of sudden
attack and fear of venomous and infectious
animals).
Camp Currie:
- Significant improvement for males in
self-concept and wilderness anxiety scores
(on all factors except for fear of inclement
weather and fear of water).
- No significant improvement in self-concept
scores for females; significant improvement
on two factors in wilderness anxiety scores
(fear of sharp objects and fear of poisonous
plants) but not on total anxiety scores.
Camp Webb:
- No significant improvements on self-concept
or on wilderness anxiety scores for males
or females.
Between Camp Pre-test Differences
- Self-Concept: no male differences between
camps. Females at Camp Wallace had significantly
less positive self-concept scores than
females at Camp Webb.
- Wilderness Anxiety: Female wilderness
anxiety scores at Camp Wallace were significantly
different from those at Camp Currie and
Camp Webb. Female scores for Camp Currie
and Camp Webb were also different. Male
scores for Camp Wallace were different
than those for Camp Webb and Camp Currie.
Scores for males at Camp Currie were different
than those for males at Camp Webb
Joined Data Results (these should be viewed
with caution due to the possibility of pre-test
between-groups differences):
- No significant differences between pre-
and post-test self-concept scores for
females. Significant differences for females
on Wilderness Anxiety pre- and post-test
scores.
- Significant differences for males on
pre- and post-test self-concept scores;
significant differences on all pre- and
post-test Wilderness Anxiety scores (individual
factors and total).
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