What an opportunity! Camps began in the late 1800s as a way to connect kids with nature. The first camps introduced boys to hiking, fishing, and adventure in the wilderness. Over the years "camp" has changed. Camps today include a wide variety of experiences like sports, education, and recreational skill development in both day and resident settings. They may offer fun and creative programs, but "camp" has strayed far from its roots. The outdoor environment that once inspired the camp movement slipped from our sight as we focused on developing new programs. Through our neglect and the neglect of many others, that natural environment has now deteriorated to a point we can no longer afford to ignore. It is our responsibility and yes, our incredible opportunity, to change that.

As an industry, we have remarkable reach and potential impact. The American Camp Association (ACA) estimates that over ten million children attend camp annually, and there are approximately 12,000 camps nationwide. That is a lot of influence. In 2006, ACA found that 75 percent of camps offered new programs. In proposing that we go back to our roots, I am not suggesting that we discontinue Magic, Weight Loss, Rocketry, and other innovative programs to focus just on the environment. We need to do both. Camps stay relevant by keeping up with national trends and interests. And bringing nature back to the heart of camp does not prevent us from offering specialized programming. The truth is that a substantial effort to refocus on the environment will strengthen all of our programs. The timing has never been better for camps to develop a culture of environmental stewardship, not only to respect our past, but also to protect our future.

Why It Is Important to Have Kids in Nature

Richard Louv sparked a growing concern about the disconnect between children and the natural world in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. He points out that as parents we are afraid to let our kids explore like we did when we were young. He describes parental fear of traffic, strangers, crime, and even nature itself as the reasons that we separate our kids from the many benefits of spending time with nature. The result is growing childhood obesity, disease, ADD, and depression. Louv makes compelling connections between this negative trend and the absence of meaningful and consistent outdoor experiences. Hey! Camps are in the perfect position to do something about this disconnect! Camps can be a catalyst for change!

Taking Responsibility

If the camp industry embraces stewardship and takes responsibility for the outdoor environment that sparked our industry in the first place, we will end up with stronger and more meaningful programs that have a life-changing impact on our campers. It does not take much. Recently, I helped chaperone a field trip to an aquarium for my son’s second-grade class. The teachers planned to have the kids walk along the beach to get there. The kids looked at kelp, wrote in the sand, and chased the little waves. Some of the teachers asked questions to prompt further exploration. By the time the kids reached the aquarium, they had a hands-on, real-life experience to connect with the tanks and displays. But one simple action gave the experience a much deeper meaning; I started to pick up trash.

I always pick up trash when I walk on the beach; I didn’t even think about it. Soon a couple of the kids started bringing me garbage, then a few more. Our walk turned into a beach clean-up. The kids started talking about how awful it was that people put trash in the ocean and on the beach. They apologized to the tiny sea stars for the balloons and ribbon tangled in the washed-up kelp. They talked about how beautiful the beach was and how we should take better care of it. John Muir once said, "When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world." Spontaneously picking up garbage moved the entire experience beyond education to environmental stewardship. Those kids realized that they are literally connected to the ocean and all the animals they learned about that day. I never said a thing.

Where Do We Start?

Looking beyond ourselves and tying experience to a bigger picture—to our place in the world—will make every camp experience more powerful. Most camps take place outdoors, and all camps use resources. Being responsible about how we treat those resources and how we interact with nature will change the culture of our camps and empower our campers. It is easy to find areas to improve. No matter where you start, every change will make a difference. The urgent need is to start somewhere . . . .

Camp: The Foundation 
Brain research supports the argument that camps and outdoor experiences are a perfect setting to facilitate lifelong learning. We pay attention when information is useful, has emotional value, and when we feel safe. Camps provide a high-interest setting that is emotionally charged for campers. This, coupled with the outdoor environment, provides hands-on learning opportunities that are far more powerful than what media or a book can provide. In other words, we have an audience that is primed for a meaningful experience.

We also have an audience because camp removes some of the anxiety that parents feel about having their kids play outdoors. My generation grew up climbing trees, playing in mud, swimming, and building forts. We explored far from home. For children today, a camp experience may be their only meaningful outdoor opportunity. My eightyear- old son, Keaton, loves to go camping and "explore" outside. His experience is different, because he never gets to explore without constant parental supervision, but at least he has meaningful outdoor opportunities. Most children today have no or limited access to the carefree explorations in nature that past generations have enjoyed. Kids at camp, exploring the outdoors in a cabin group, can closely mimic the experience we used to have with nature when we were young.

Our opportunity is clear. Since camp may represent a significant part of each participant’s experience with nature, and the opportunity to be outdoors in a camp environment is a prime setting for lifelong impact, we should do everything we can to maximize each campers’ outdoor experience. We also have an obligation to make sure that the experience is responsible and sustainable when it comes to our relationship with the natural world. When we teach campers to fish, we should make sure they are aware of their connection to the fish population. We should teach them to be humane and respectful, to understand the impacts of fishing on the fish population, and the reasons that we only keep certain fish and not others. The resulting relationship between camper and fish will ensure the ability to continue fishing (because it is sustainable). And even more importantly, the awareness and respect that is cultivated for the experience of fishing will carry over into other relationships with the environment.

Staff: The Example 
No one is born with an instinct to scream at flying insects and kill tiny crawling living things for no reason. Small children are fascinated by butterflies, worms, and spiders until someone shrieks and suddenly the amazing little animal with multi-colored hairs inching across a huge leaf is knocked off and stepped on to keep from ruining the flowerbed. In the minds of children, living things can be interesting or frightening, depending upon the views and reactions from the adults they admire.

In her article, "Learning to Love the Natural World Enough to Protect It," Louise Chawla outlines findings from research about why people develop a commitment to protect the environment. She found that the reason people acted to protect nature was "personal and simple: because of the childhood place where they played… and because a beloved family member directed them to look closely at the plants and animals around them." Camps can provide wonderful opportunities to develop that commitment. I remember vividly the places I explored as a child, just as campers fondly remember the old tree fort and the frogs on the walls of the outdoor shower. And there is no mistaking the admiration that campers have for their counselors. The attitudes and actions of our staff speak far louder than what we actually say. If you want to make a positive impact, educate and hire staff that care about the environment.

Develop a camp culture of respect for nature and responsibility for our actions that includes environmental stewardship. If we talk about how important it is to conserve resources, and use Styrofoam® plates and cups for the BBQ, our integrity is compromised. (Note: You may find there are areas that you don’t know how to address. Involve the staff and campers in looking for solutions. These are real-life opportunities to consider the options and challenges in changing our systems and habits to be more environmentally responsible. Sometimes solutions are easy, and sometimes we have to think outside the box!) Involve staff in decisions and challenge them to develop sound practices that consider environmental impact and to develop programs that include interactions with nature and modeling environmental responsibility.

Program: The Meaning 
Think about the camp programs you have been involved with. How much time do campers spend interacting with nature? Do camp staff demonstrate respect for living things? Do campers learn about the resources they use and how to minimize their impact? Does the program incorporate environmental responsibility into common practices? I was excited to see that in the new camp accreditation process for ACA, the first three standards of the Program Design section address environmental impact, the utilization of outdoor opportunities, and environmental practices. But I have to say that as a volunteer ACA standards visitor, I am usually disappointed by what camps do, and more importantly what they don’t do, to address the intent of these standards.

There are several reasons why we should include environmental stewardship in our programs and practices. First, we represent a huge industry that is very consumer intensive. According to ACA, there are 1.2 million people employed as camp staff. All of those people use and purchase sports equipment, pool supplies, crafts materials, cleaning products, food, building materials, and many other goods and services. As consumers, our industry spends a lot of money to run programs. By carefully considering our options and looking for environmentally and socially responsible choices, we can vote with every program dollar we spend and be a driving force for responsible change. Additionally, when we choose "green" practices and products, we make an immediate difference. If all of your program brochures and flyers were printed on post-consumer recycled paper, how much energy and how many trees would you save? And if you print that information on your flyers, you are making that connection for all of your families.

What else can you do? Buy soy wax instead of petroleum wax for candle making. Purchase FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certified wood for making birdhouses, and explain to the kids what that means! If we demonstrate that we are making responsible choices and serve as a positive example of stewardship for our campers and families, our influence will grow exponentially!

Going back to a focus on the outdoors will bring deeper meaning to our programs. But the real "connection" comes when camp programs provide outdoor opportunities and direct experiences in nature that kids may not have anywhere else. At camp, kids play outside, hike trails, get dirty, explore with friends, and discover living things! The University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana (UIC-U) has conducted studies that demonstrate the positive benefits of being outdoors. Their research shows that kids with ADHD can concentrate and follow directions better after playing in natural settings. They have also suggested that exposure to green spaces can reduce aggression and crime, help people cope with stress, build opportunities for informal interaction between people, increase self-discipline, raise achievement in school, and actually lower levels of fear. All this from seeing green! If everyone in our society was able to reconnect with nature, the benefits could be astounding. It is no wonder that UIC-U advocates for people to "all work together toward building, protecting, and maintaining natural settings."

Keeping It Going

Even though mere exposure to nature is beneficial for people, consistent meaningful interaction with nature can literally improve the quality of someone’s life. If kids develop a relationship with nature at camp, this can carry into their everyday life. We need to find ways for kids to play and explore in their environment for them, to see living things in their natural setting, to create the curiosity to see more, and to take responsibility for our impact and minimize the resources we use. This is not only contagious, it is also positive and empowering. I would bet that most of the kids who picked up trash on the beach that day would never think about "littering" on the beach or anywhere else. Even better, I’ll bet they remind their parents and friends not to litter. They understand the effect of garbage in nature, and they have the ability to do something about it. Our campers can learn from our camps, our staff, and our programs the same way. They will take this new level of knowledge and caring home. And, if we set a good example, if we care enough about our past to go back to nature with our programs, if we look at our practices and choose to be sustainable, if we serve as a catalyst for respect of the environment, then we are taking the first step towards our opportunity to save the future.

Zayanne Thompson is the program department head at YMCA Camp Surf, part of the camping branch of the YMCA of San Diego County; an American Camp Association standards visitor; and is on the state board of the Association for Environmental and Outdoor Education (AEOE) in California. As a credentialed teacher with a degree in environmental biology and advanced degree in education, she has worked with children in the outdoors through museums, the National Park Service, and for the last seventeen years, in residential environmental education and summer camp programs.

Originally published in the 2007 November/December issue of Camping Magazine.